Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Payroll Management 1

Payroll Cycle Duration. 1

Streamlined Timekeeping. 3

Electronic Payments. 4

Employee Self-Service. 4

Manager Self-Service. 5

Transaction Error Analysis. 5

Staff Training Program.. 6

The Payroll Calendar. 7

Information Confidentiality. 8

Chapter 2 - Definition of an Employee. 11

The Employee Defined. 11

Employee Withholding Liability. 12

The Independent Contractor Designation. 12

The W-2 Contractor. 14

The Salesperson Designation. 14

Employees of Exempt Organizations. 14

Ministers. 15

Employee Scenarios. 15

People in Business for Themselves. 16

Family Employees. 16

Working off the Books. 16

Intern Rules. 17

Chapter 3 - Employee Time Tracking. 19

Time Tracking Scope. 19

Employee Exclusions. 20

Data Collection Scope. 21

Handwritten Time Sheets. 22

Time Cards. 23

Computerized Time Clocks. 24

Biometric Time Clocks. 26

Web-Based Time Tracking. 26

Smart Phone Time Tracking. 27

Time Keeping Methods Usage Grid. 28

Automated Time Tracking Reminders. 28

Chapter 4 - Employee Compensation. 31

The Difference between Salaries and Wages. 31

The Work Week. 32

Compensation Definition. 33

Supplemental Wages. 33

Commission Calculations. 34

Commissions Based on Cash Receipts. 36

Final Commission Calculations. 37

Employee Business Expense Reimbursements. 37

Golden Parachute Payments. 38

Hourly Rate Plan. 38

Idle Time. 39

Overtime Pay. 39

Payments in Kind. 41

Piece Rate Pay. 41

Salaries Paid for Partial Periods. 42

Sick Pay. 43

Tips. 43

Vacation Pay. 45

The Minimum Wage. 45

Chapter 5 - Employee Benefits. 48

The Provider and Recipient of Benefits. 48

Adoption Assistance. 49

Athletic Facilities. 49

Cell Phones Provided by Employer. 49

De Minimis Benefits. 50

Disability Insurance. 50

Educational Assistance. 51

Employee Discounts. 52

Flexible Spending Accounts. 52

Health Savings Account 56

Leaves of Absence. 56

Life Insurance. 58

Lodging on Business Premises. 59

Meals. 60

Medical Insurance. 62

Medical Insurance - COBRA. 63

Moving Expense Reimbursement 64

No-Additional-Cost Services. 65

Pension Plans. 66

Defined Contribution Plan. 66

Defined Benefit Plan. 68

Personal Retirement Account 68

Retirement Planning Services. 69

Stock Options. 69

Stock Purchase Plans. 71

Transportation Benefits. 72

Tuition Reduction. 72

Vacation Benefit Reporting. 73

Workers’ Compensation Insurance. 73

Working Condition Benefits. 74

Vehicles. 75

Education. 76

Outplacement Services. 76

How to Value Benefits. 76

Cents per Mile. 77

Commuting. 77

Lease Value. 78

Unsafe Conditions Commuting. 80

Rules for Withholding, Depositing, and Reporting Benefits. 80

Benefit Authorization Form.. 82

Taxability of Benefits. 83

Chapter 6 - Payroll Deductions. 86

Deductions for the Corporate Benefits Package. 86

Deductions for Payments to Third Parties. 89

Charitable Contributions. 89

Garnishments Overview.. 89

Child Support Garnishment 91

Student Loan Garnishment 91

Tax Garnishment 91

Union Dues. 93

Deductions for Financing Repayments. 93

The Reduction of Deductions. 94

Garnishment Processing. 95

Deduction Management by Employees. 95

Chapter 7 - Payroll Taxes. 98

Income Tax Withholding. 98

Social Security Tax. 101

Medicare Tax. 103

Calculating Withholdings. 104

Wage Bracket Method. 104

Percentage Method. 106

Annualized Wages Method. 107

Average Estimated Wages Method. 110

Cumulative Wages Method. 110

Part-Year Employment Method. 111

Other Methods. 111

Earnings Not Subject to Payroll Taxes. 112

Underwithheld Taxes. 113

Overwithheld Taxes. 113

Employee Taxes Paid by the Employer. 113

The Earned Income Credit 115

Tax Deductions for the Self-Employed Person. 116

The Common Paymaster Rule. 116

Payroll Taxes for a Successor Employer. 118

Payroll Taxes for Part-Time Employees. 118

State Payroll Taxes. 118

Totalization Agreements. 119

Chapter 8 - Tax Remittances. 121

Types of Tax Deposit Schedules. 121

Monthly Deposit Schedule. 122

Semiweekly Deposit Schedule. 123

Federal Unemployment Deposit Schedule. 124

$100,000 Next-Day Deposit Rule. 124

Accuracy of Deposits Rule. 124

Deposits not on Business Days. 125

Remittance Method. 126

The Form 941 Quarterly Federal Tax Return. 126

Form 941 Discrepancies. 131

Prior Period Adjustments. 132

Federal Tax Deposit Penalties. 133

Trust Fund Recovery Penalty. 134

State Tax Remittances. 135

Local Tax Remittances. 135

Chapter 9 - Unemployment Taxes. 137

Responsibility for Unemployment Tax Payments. 137

FUTA Tax Calculation. 138

FUTA Tax Deposits. 138

FUTA Tax Payment Timing. 138

FUTA Tax Reporting. 139

State Unemployment Taxes. 139

Unemployment Benefit Claims. 144

Calculation of the State Unemployment Tax Rate. 144

Voluntary Unemployment Contributions. 145

Transferring an Unemployment Experience Rating. 146

Chapter 10 - Payments to Employees. 149

Payments with Cash. 149

Payments by Check. 152

Payments by Direct Deposit 153

Payments by Pay Card. 154

Flexible Spending Account Debit Cards. 155

Unclaimed Wages. 155

Chapter 11 - Accounting for Payroll 158

The Accounting Journal Entry. 158

The Chart of Accounts. 159

The General Ledger. 161

The Payroll Journal 161

Where to Record Payroll Transactions. 161

Types of Payroll Journal Entries. 162

Primary Payroll Journal Entry. 163

Accrued Wages. 164

Accrued Bonuses. 165

Accrued Commissions. 166

Benefit Payments. 167

Accrued Benefits. 168

Stock Subscriptions. 169

Manual Paycheck Entry. 169

Employee Advances. 170

Accrued Vacation Pay. 171

Tax Deposits. 172

Payroll Information in the Financial Statements - Wages. 173

Payroll Information in the Financial Statements – Payroll Taxes. 173

Chapter 12 - Payroll Reports. 176

Payroll Register. 176

Internal Management Reports. 178

Form W-2. 179

Form W-3. 183

Corrections to Forms W-2 and W-3. 185

Form 1099-MISC.. 187

New Hire Reporting. 189

Chapter 13 - Payroll Recordkeeping. 192

The Employment Application. 192

The Employer Identification Number. 193

The Social Security Number. 193

Employment Eligibility Verification. 195

The Withholding Allowance. 195

The Personnel File. 200

Mandated Document Retention. 201

Chapter 14 - Payroll Procedures. 204

Forms: The Timecard. 204

Forms: The Paycheck and Remittance Advice. 207

Procedure: Add an Employee. 208

Procedure: Timecard Data Collection. 209

Procedure: Commission Calculation. 209

Procedure: Process Payroll 209

Procedure: Issue Payments to Employees. 210

Chapter 15 - Payroll Controls. 213

General Controls. 213

Payroll Calculation Controls. 215

Cash Payment Controls. 216

Check Payment Controls. 216

Direct Deposit Controls. 218

Self-Service Controls. 218

Garnishment Controls. 218

Employee Advances Controls. 219

Vacation Pay Controls. 219

Chapter 16 - Payroll Measurements. 223

Payroll Entries to Headcount Ratio. 223

Payroll Transaction Error Rate. 224

Form W-2c to Form W-2 Ratio. 225

Proportion of Manual Checks. 226

Outsourced Payroll Cost per Employee. 226

Annualized Compensation per Employee. 227

Net Benefits Cost per Employee. 228

Sales per Person. 230

Profit per Employee. 230

Employee Turnover. 231

Chapter 17 - The Outsourcing Option. 234

Overview of Payroll Outsourcing. 234

Reasons to Outsource Payroll 235

Reasons not to Outsource Payroll 236

The Outsourced Payroll Contract 236

The Transition to Payroll Outsourcing. 236

Managing Outsourced Payroll 237

Measuring Outsourced Payroll 238

Terminating an Outsourcing Arrangement 238

Answers to Chapter Questions. 241

Appendix - Federal Payroll Tax Calendar. 266

Glossary. 270

Index. 274

 

Final Examination ..................................................................................................................................280